דף הבית / Glossary / מחלות ומצבים / בקע סרעפתי (Hiatal hernia)

בקע סרעפתי (Hiatal hernia)

בקע סרעפתי מתגלה כאשר בודקים את הגורמים לצרבת, כאבים בחזה או כאבי בטן. רוב האנשים שלהם בקע סרעפתי אינם מרגישים תסמינים ולא נזקקים לטיפול. אם תסמינים כמו צרבת וחומצה שעולה מהקיבה לושט (רפלוקס) חוזרים ונשנים ניתן לטפל בהם בתרופות או ניתוחים.

מידע כללי

בקע סרעפתי (hiatal hernia) הוא מצב בו חלק מהקיבה נדחף לכיוון מעלה דרך הסרעפת. בסרעפת יש פתח קטן (hiatus) בו עובר הושט בדרכו לקיבה.

הקיבה יכולה להידחף דרך הפתח הזה ולגרום לבקע סרעפתי. ברוב המקרים בקע קטן אינו גורם לבעיות ורוב האנשים לא יודעים שהוא קיים. אבל בקע סרעפתי גדול עלול להביא למצב בו אוכל וחומצה עולים בחזרה בושט וגורמים לצרבת וכאבי חזה.

תרופות יכולות להקל על הסימפטומים אך לעיתים בקע סרעפתי גדול דורש ניתוח.

תלונות וסימנים

לרוב, לבקע סרעפתי קטן אין סימפטומים. בקע סרעפתי גדול יכול לגרום:

צרבות
כאבים בחזה
בחילה
גיהוקים

יש לגשת לרופא כאשר התסמינים נמשכים זמן רב ומעוררים דאגה.

סיבות

בקע סרעפתי מופיע כאשר רקמת שרירים שנחלשת מאפשרת לקיבה לבלוט דרך הסרעפת. לא תמיד ברור מדוע זה קורה אך לחץ על הקיבה תורם למבנה של הבקע.

הסרעפת היא שריר שדומה בצורתו לכיפה ומפריד את חלל החזה מהבטן. הושט עובר בדרכו לקיבה דרך פתח בסרעפת. בקע מופיע כאשר רקמת השריר המקיפה את הפתח הזה נחלשת והחלק העליון של הקיבה בולט דרך הסרעפת לתוך חלל החזה. הגורמים לכך:

פציעה באזורים אלה
חולשה שעוברת בתורשה בשרירים המקיפים את הסרעפת
כאשר נולדים עם בקע גדול בצורה יוצאת דופן
לחץ אינטנסיבי ומתמשך על השרירים המקיפים שנגרם בעקבות שיעול, הקאה או מאמץ בזמן פעולת מעיים או בזמן הרמת משאות כבדים.

קיימים גם גורמי סיכון והם:

אוכלוסייה מעל גיל 50
השמנת יתר
עישון

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