דף הבית / Glossary / מחלות ומצבים / גסטרואנטריטיס- דלקת בדרכי העיכול (Gastroenteritis)

גסטרואנטריטיס- דלקת בדרכי העיכול (Gastroenteritis)

דלקת בדרכי העיכול היא דלקת של רירית המצפה את חלל המעי. זיהום ובעיקר וירוס הוא הגורם השכיח לדלקת זו אבל גם גורמים אחרים כמו מזון לא טרי, רעלים כימיים [מתכות או צמחים] , תרופות [אנטיביוטיקה או כימוטרפיה] קרינה, מחלות אימוניות [מחלת מעי דלקתית], הפרעה באספקת הדם [איסכמיהנ] יכולים לגרום לדלקת דומה מבחינה קלינית ברירית המעי.

מידע כללי

קלקול קיבה או גסטרואנטריטיס היא למעשה דלקת של הקיבה והמעי, הנגרמת לרוב על ידי וירוס או חיידק, כמו סלמונלה ואי-קולי.

תלונות וסימנים

תסמיני קלקול הקיבה הם: הקאות, עוויתות בבטן, שלשול קשה ולעיתים אף דמי, אובדן תיאבון, צמרמורות, כאבי שרירים, תחושה כללית רעה וחום נמוך או גבוה במצב של שלשול חיידקי

סיבות

קלקול הקיבה נגרם על ידי וירוסים וחיידקים שונים, כשהוירוסים הנפוצים ביותר נקראים נורו וירוסים ורוטה וירוסים, ועל ידי חומרים כימיים שמצויים במזון לא טרי או שנשמר בתנאים לא נאותים ובמים מזוהמים. קלקול הקיבה היא מחלה מדבקת מאד ועוברת במגע רוק, אוכל, מים מזוהמים והיגיינה ירודה

מהלך וסיבוכים

השלשול, המאפיין את קלקול הקיבה, עלול לגרום להתייבשות ולירידה באיזון רמת המלחים בדם

בירור רפואי

התפשטות הזיהום לאזורים אחרים בגוף וגרימת זיהום באזורים אחרים בגוף, במקרים נדירים וחמורים במיוחד, קלקול קיבה עלול לגרום למוות, במיוחד אצל תינוקות וילדים

טיפול

ניתן לטפל בתסמינים ולמנוע סיבוכים על ידי שתיה או עירויי נוזלים ובמקרים של מחלות רקע, התדרדרות או חשד למקור חיידקי, יינתן טיפול אנטיביוטי

סגנון חיים

הקפדה על שמירת מזון בתנאי קירור ואכילת מזון שהוכן בתנאים היגיינים הוא התנאי הראשון להימנעות מקלקול קיבה.

יש הממליצים על דיאטת פחמימות בזמן קלקול קיבה

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גסטרואנטריטיס- דלקת בדרכי העיכול (Gastroenteritis)

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