דף הבית / Glossary / מחלות ומצבים / הפרעות אכילה (Eating disorders)

הפרעות אכילה (Eating disorders)

הפרעה נפשית המתאפיינת ע"י אכילה לא סדירה ומתבטאת בירידה בצריכת המזון עד לגרימת נזק. קיימים מספר סוגים שונים של הפרעות אכילה:

בולימיה
אנורסיה נרבוזה
אכילה כפייתית – בולמוס אכילה [Binge eating]
הפרעות ספציפיות אחרות

מידע כללי

הפרעות אכילה [eating disorders] הן הפרעה נפשית המתבטאת באכילה בלתי-סדירה, הגורמת לנזקים גופניים, שמטרתה העיקרית היא לרדת במשקל, למרות משקל אוביקטיבי נמוך או תקין.
להפרעות אכילה השפעה ניכרת על כל תחומי החיים – החל מבעיות פיזיות, רגשיות ועד בעיות רוחניות ונפשיות. הפרעות אכילה הן תוצאה של שילוב בין גורמים שונים – גנטיים, ביולוגיים, משפחתיים, פסיכולוגיים וחברתיים-תרבותיים. זה מכבר ידוע כי הפרעות אכילה הן בעיות בעלות מגמה של התדרדרות ובמידה ואינן מטופלות, הן עלולות להפוך לכרוניות, לגרום לנזקים חמורים ואף למוות (שיעור התמותה נע בין 10% ל-17%). הן נפוצות בקרב נשים צעירות (90%-95% מהחולות הן נשים) ונחשבות לאחת מן המחלות הלא מובנות בעולם המערבי. כיום קיימות סוגיות מהותיות אשר נותרו ללא מענה בנוגע לסיבה בשלה החולות אינן נענות לצורך הבסיסי של אכילה, מדוע הן מייחסות למשקל הגוף חשיבות כה רבה ומדוע הן נוטות להתנגד לטיפול יותר מחולים בעלי כל הפרעה נפשית אחרת.

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