דף הבית / Glossary / מחלות ומצבים / הידבקויות (Adehesions)

הידבקויות (Adehesions)

בגוף האדם נמצאת רצועת רקמה צלקתית המחברת חלקים פנימיים בגוף שבאופן תקין מופרדים זה מזה. הדבקויות הן תגובה של הרקמה לפגיעה מסויימת. פגיעה ברקמה יוצרת הידבקויות תוך בטניות והיא נוצרת בעקבות זיהומים, מחלות באגן או ניתוחים.

מידע כללי

בגוף האדם נמצאת רצועת רקמה צלקתית המחברת חלקים פנימיים בגוף שבאופן תקין מופרדים זה מזה.
הדבקויות הן תגובה של הרקמה לפגיעה מסויימת. פגיעה ברקמה יוצרת הידבקויות תוך בטניות והיא נוצרת בעקבות זיהומים, מחלות באגן או ניתוחים.

הדבקויות הן גורם משמעותי בתחלואה ותמותה ואחראיות לרוב מקרי חסימת המעיים.הידבקויות שלאחר ניתוח עלולות לגרום לחסימת מעיים- מצב העלול לסכן חיים ודורש לעתים ניתוח חירום. הסיבה העיקרית לחסימת המעי הדק היא היווצרויות הידבקויות לאחר ניתוח.

הידבקויות אלו מקשות על ביצוע ניתוחים נוספים וגורמות לקושי רב ושיעור סיבוכים גבוה.

הפגיעה בעצם מעוררת שרשרת אירועים שבסופם נוצרים משקעי פיברין (פיברין הוא בעצם התהליך הסופי של קרישת הדם. מולקולות רבות של פיברין מתלכדות ויוצרות את הבסיס של קריש דם, שאוטם את כלי הדם שניזוק) המחברים בין נקודות בחלל הצפק (קרום דו-שכבתי שמרפד את דפנות חלל הבטן ועוטף את איברי הבטן)

החלמתו של חלל הצפק מהירה מאד וניתן למצוא הדבקויות כבר 3 שעות לאחר הנזק. רוב ההדבקויות זמניות ומתפרקות לאחר 72 שעות, אך בהעדר גורמי פירוק מספקים (כמו לאחר ניתוח גדול) או בהפרעה לתהליכי הפירוק יווצרו הדבקויות.

מהלך וסיבוכים

הדבקויות עלולות לגרום חסימות מעי לאחר ניתוח, כאבי בטן ועקרות אצל נשים.

הדבקויות מהוות בעיה שכיחה וקשה המטרידה חולים בעיקר במקרים של מחלות הקשורות קשר הדוק להידבקויות בתקופה האחרונה הייתה התפתחות במחקר ובהבנה של התהליכים הגורמים להידבקויות ומניעתן.

מניעה

מניעת הדבקויות תלויה מאד בצורת ואופי הניתוח כאשר ללפרוסקופיה לדוגמא יש יתרון גדול במניעת הדבקויות.

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